> ## Documentation Index > Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://mso.getlemma.com/llms.txt > Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further. # Step 3: Form the PC > File articles of incorporation for a professional entity: the professional purpose clause, licensee ownership attestations, board pre-approvals, bylaws, and the EIN. Forming a professional corporation differs from forming a normal company in four ways: the **purpose clause** must be limited to the profession, **ownership must be attested** to licensees, some states require **licensing board approval before filing**, and the **name** is constrained. Everything else is ordinary corporate formation. Have counsel file this, or at minimum review the filing before it goes in. A defective professional entity formation can invalidate payer contracts signed in its name and is expensive to correct after enrollment. ## What Meridian did Dr. Shah incorporated **Priya Shah, M.D., P.C.** in Colorado, doing business as **Meridian Dermatology**. She is the sole shareholder, sole director, and president. The articles limit the corporation's purpose to the practice of medicine. Formation took nine days including the EIN. ## The parts that are different ### 1. The professional purpose clause A normal corporation can be formed "for any lawful purpose." A professional corporation cannot. The articles must state that the corporation is organized to render **one specific professional service**, and in most states it may render only that service and services ancillary to it. Typical language: > The purpose for which this corporation is organized is to engage in the practice of medicine and any other lawful act or activity for which corporations may be organized under \[the state professional corporation act], provided that the corporation shall render professional services only through individuals licensed to practice medicine in this state. Two consequences founders miss: * **You cannot bolt on unrelated business lines** to the PC. Retail products, wellness memberships, and software subscriptions generally belong in the MSO. * **You may not be able to combine professions.** A PC organized to practice medicine typically cannot also practice dentistry or physical therapy. See [Multi-specialty considerations](/concepts/entities/multi-specialty-considerations). ### 2. Licensee ownership attestation The articles, or an accompanying certificate, must state that all shareholders are licensed in the profession. Some states extend this to directors and officers. This is the clause that makes the MSO-PC structure necessary and it is not negotiable. Your MSO cannot hold a single share. ### 3. Board pre-approval, where required Several states require a certificate or approval from the professional licensing board *before* the secretary of state will accept the filing: | Example state | Requirement | | ------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | **New York** | Professional entity filings go through the State Education Department, which reviews the certificate of incorporation before the Department of State files it | | **Arkansas** | Medical board certificate required | | **Various dental boards** | Separate dental-entity registration or approval, sometimes with a DSO registration on top | Check your state page before you assume this is a same-week filing. In pre-approval states, plan four to eight weeks. ### 4. The name Most states require: * A **designator**, "P.C.", "Professional Corporation", "P.A.", or the state's specified form * Sometimes a **surname constraint**, limiting the name to the names of licensed shareholders * Sometimes **board approval** of a trade name or assumed name This is why so many practices operate as *"\[Clinician Name], M.D., P.C. d/b/a \[Brand]"*. File the DBA separately and make sure your payer enrollments, bank accounts, and claims all use the legal name consistently โ€” mismatches between your legal name and what payers have on file are a leading cause of claim rejections. ๐Ÿฆท **Dental**, many states have a distinct professional entity statute for dentistry and a separate registration for dental support organizations. Confirm both. ๐Ÿ’‰ **Med spa**, the professional entity must be owned by whoever the state says may own a medical practice, not by an aesthetician or an RN. Med spa structures fail this test more often than any other vertical. See [Med spas and aesthetics](/concepts/industries/med-spas). ## The full filing sequence Confirm availability with the secretary of state and against the licensing board's naming rules. Reserve it if the state allows. Submit the certificate application to the licensing board with proof of the shareholder's license. Budget weeks, not days. Required in the state of incorporation. See [Choose registered agents across states](/guides/formation/choose-a-registered-agent). With the professional purpose clause, licensee attestation, share structure, registered agent, and incorporator. Elect directors and officers, authorize and issue shares to the clinician, adopt bylaws, authorize bank accounts. Document with written consents. These minutes matter โ€” see [Maintain corporate formalities](/guides/formation/maintain-corporate-formalities). And immediately make it subject to the stock transfer restriction agreement, with the restrictive legend on the certificate itself. Free, online, same-day from the IRS at [irs.gov](https://www.irs.gov/businesses/small-businesses-self-employed/apply-for-an-employer-identification-number-ein-online). The responsible party will be the clinician-owner. Do not use a third-party service that charges for this. State tax registration and unemployment insurance registration, since the PC will be an employer. ## Share structure Keep it simple. One class of common stock, a small number of authorized shares, and one shareholder. Complexity in a professional entity's cap table creates CPOM questions rather than solving problems, and there is no reason to have a stock option pool in a PC. The stock certificate should carry a restrictive legend referencing the transfer restriction agreement. Without the legend, a transferee could argue they took the shares free of the restriction. ## Tax elections, flag to your CPA Do not decide this yourself. Two things to raise: * **S-corporation election.** A PC taxed as a C-corporation that qualifies as a personal service corporation is taxed at a flat 21% federal rate on retained earnings under IRC ยง11(b), with no graduated brackets. Many PCs elect S status so income passes through. Whether that's right depends on the clinician's overall tax position and the state's treatment. * **Timing.** The S election (Form 2553) has a deadline tied to the entity's tax year. Missing it costs you a year. See [Prepare for taxes across entities](/guides/banking/prepare-for-taxes). ## What you must not do * **Do not let the MSO be the incorporator or hold shares.** Even temporarily, even "just to get it filed." * **Do not use a generic online formation service** for a professional entity in a pre-approval state. They file the wrong form. * **Do not skip the bylaws and organizational consents.** Corporate formalities are load-bearing here: they are the evidence that the PC is a real, separately governed entity, which is exactly what a CPOM challenge attacks. ## Your artifact from this step * Filed articles of incorporation, stamped by the state * Bylaws and organizational written consents * Stock certificate issued to the clinician, with restrictive legend * EIN confirmation letter (CP 575), you will need this for banking and payer enrollment * State tax and unemployment registrations ## Checklist * [ ] Name cleared with both the secretary of state and licensing board * [ ] Board pre-approval obtained (if required) * [ ] Registered agent appointed * [ ] Articles filed with professional purpose clause and licensee attestation * [ ] Bylaws adopted; directors and officers elected (all licensees where required) * [ ] Shares issued to the clinician with restrictive legend * [ ] EIN obtained * [ ] State tax and employer registrations complete * [ ] S-election question raised with the CPA ## Next The easy one, a normal LLC or corporation, with a specific job. ## Related topics - [Form a professional corporation](/guides/formation/form-a-pc.md) - [Form a PLLC](/guides/formation/form-a-pllc.md) - [Maintain corporate formalities](/guides/formation/maintain-corporate-formalities.md) - [PC vs PLLC vs PA (vs corp vs LLC)](/concepts/entities/pc-vs-pllc-vs-pa.md) - [Who can own a professional entity](/concepts/entities/who-can-own-what.md) - [California โ€” CPOM & MSO reference](/reference/legal/states/california.md)