> ## Documentation Index > Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://mso.getlemma.com/llms.txt > Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further. # Further reading & primary sources > Curated primary sources: code lists, CMS manuals, state board indexes, and the benchmark data worth knowing about. Where to go for the authoritative version. This site cites these; you should be able to reach them directly. ## Code sets and transaction standards | Source | What it is | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------ | | [ASC X12](https://x12.org/) | The standards body. Transaction implementation guides. | | [X12 Claim Adjustment Reason Codes](https://x12.org/codes/claim-adjustment-reason-codes) | **The authoritative CARC list** | | [X12 Remittance Advice Remark Codes](https://x12.org/codes/remittance-advice-remark-codes) | **The authoritative RARC list** | | [NUCC Provider Taxonomy](https://www.nucc.org/index.php/code-sets-mainmenu-41/provider-taxonomy-mainmenu-40) | The taxonomy code set, updated twice yearly | | [CMS Place of Service Codes](https://www.cms.gov/medicare/coding-billing/place-of-service-codes/code-sets) | The POS code set | | [CMS HCPCS](https://www.cms.gov/medicare/coding-billing/healthcare-common-procedure-system) | HCPCS Level II | | [CDC ICD-10-CM](https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/icd/icd-10-cm/) | Diagnosis codes, updated October 1 | | [AMA CPT](https://www.ama-assn.org/practice-management/cpt) | CPT, licensed | | [ADA CDT](https://www.ada.org/publications/cdt) | CDT, licensed | | [CMS NCCI Edits](https://www.cms.gov/medicare/coding-billing/national-correct-coding-initiative-ncci-edits) | Code-pair edits | ## CMS | Source | Use | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | [CMS Internet-Only Manuals](https://www.cms.gov/regulations-and-guidance/guidance/manuals/internet-only-manuals-ioms) | The manual set. The chapters that matter most: **Claims Processing Manual** (Pub. 100-04) and **Benefit Policy Manual** (Pub. 100-02) | | [Medicare Physician Fee Schedule](https://www.cms.gov/medicare/payment/fee-schedules/physician) | Rates, RVUs, and the annual conversion factor | | [PECOS](https://pecos.cms.hhs.gov/) | Medicare enrollment | | [Medicare Revalidation Lookup](https://data.cms.gov/tools/medicare-revalidation-list) | **Check your revalidation date directly** | | [Medicare Coverage Database](https://www.cms.gov/medicare-coverage-database/) | LCDs and NCDs | | [Medicare Appeals](https://www.cms.gov/medicare/appeals-grievances/fee-for-service) | The five-level process | | [Administrative Simplification](https://www.cms.gov/medicare/regulations-guidance/administrative-simplification) | Transaction standards, operating rules, EFT | | [No Surprises Act](https://www.cms.gov/nosurprises) | Balance billing and good faith estimates | | [Medicaid.gov Provider Enrollment](https://www.medicaid.gov/medicaid/program-integrity/provider-enrollment/index.html) | Screening requirements | ## Identifiers and credentialing | Source | Use | | ------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------- | | [NPPES](https://nppes.cms.hhs.gov/) | Apply for and maintain NPIs | | [NPI Registry](https://npiregistry.cms.hhs.gov/) | **Look up an NPI before creating a duplicate** | | [CAQH ProView](https://proview.caqh.org/) | Credentialing profiles | | [OIG LEIE](https://exclusions.oig.hhs.gov/) | Exclusion screening, **monthly** | | [SAM.gov](https://sam.gov/) | Federal debarment screening | | [NPDB](https://www.npdb.hrsa.gov/) | Practitioner data bank | ## Compliance | Source | Use | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------ | | [HHS OCR HIPAA](https://www.hhs.gov/hipaa/index.html) | Privacy, Security, and Breach Notification Rules | | [ONC Security Risk Assessment Tool](https://www.healthit.gov/topic/privacy-security-and-hipaa/security-risk-assessment-tool) | For the required risk analysis | | [HHS OIG Compliance Guidance](https://oig.hhs.gov/compliance/compliance-guidance/) | Compliance program elements | | [OIG Self-Disclosure](https://oig.hhs.gov/compliance/self-disclosure-info/) | Voluntary disclosure protocols | | [OIG Fraud & Abuse Laws](https://oig.hhs.gov/compliance/physician-education/fraud-abuse-laws/) | AKS, Stark, FCA overview | | [CMS Physician Self-Referral](https://www.cms.gov/medicare/regulations-guidance/physician-self-referral) | Stark | | [SAMHSA 42 CFR Part 2](https://www.samhsa.gov/about-us/who-we-are/laws-regulations/confidentiality-regulations-faqs) | SUD record confidentiality | | [eCFR](https://www.ecfr.gov/) | Current CFR text | ## Legal research | Source | Use | | ------------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------- | | [CourtListener](https://www.courtlistener.com/) | Free case law search and opinions | | State legislature bill trackers | The primary source for pending legislation | | State medical, dental, and other board sites | License verification, board rules, and position statements | | State secretary of state business search | Entity status and good standing | | [Uniform Law Commission](https://www.uniformlaws.org/) | Model acts, including the Revised Uniform Unclaimed Property Act | **For CPOM specifically:** major healthcare law firms publish state surveys and legislative alerts that are frequently the fastest route to a current picture. Holland & Knight, Epstein Becker Green, Nixon Peabody, Benesch, Ropes & Gray, DLA Piper, and Quarles all publish regularly on this area, and this wiki cites several of them. Treat them as pointers to primary sources rather than as the authority. ## Tax and finance | Source | Use | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------- | | [IRS Applicable Federal Rates](https://www.irs.gov/applicable-federal-rates) | **Monthly AFRs for intercompany notes** | | [IRS EIN application](https://www.irs.gov/businesses/small-businesses-self-employed/apply-for-an-employer-identification-number-ein-online) | Free, same-day | | [FASB Codification](https://asc.fasb.org/) | ASC 810 consolidation | | [unclaimed.org (NAUPA)](https://unclaimed.org/) | **State unclaimed property administrators** | ## Payment and banking | Source | Use | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------ | | [Nacha](https://www.nacha.org/) | ACH rules | | [The Clearing House RTP](https://www.theclearinghouse.org/payment-systems/rtp) | Real-time payments | | [FedNow](https://www.frbservices.org/financial-services/fednow) | Federal Reserve instant payments | | [PCI Security Standards Council](https://www.pcisecuritystandards.org/) | PCI DSS | | Visa and Mastercard rules | Dispute reason codes and monitoring thresholds, via your processor | ## Benchmarks and industry data | Source | Use | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | [MGMA](https://www.mgma.com/) | Physician compensation and practice operations benchmarks | | [AAPC](https://www.aapc.com/) | Coding and billing certification and resources | | [AHIMA](https://www.ahima.org/) | Health information management | | [HFMA](https://www.hfma.org/) | Revenue cycle benchmarks and certification | | [ADA Health Policy Institute](https://www.ada.org/resources/research/health-policy-institute) | Dental practice data | | [KFF](https://www.kff.org/) | Health coverage and market data, including employer survey data on self-funding | | [AHA](https://www.aha.org/) | Hospital and health system data | **Compensation and productivity benchmark data is licensed.** MGMA, SullivanCotter, and similar surveys require a subscription or purchase. If you need an FMV-defensible benchmark for a compensation arrangement, budget for the actual data rather than relying on secondary summaries. ## Payer sources Each payer publishes its own provider manual, medical policies, companion guides, and fee schedule terms. These are the authoritative source for anything payer-specific, and they outrank any third-party summary, including this one. See [Payer enrollment and submission links](/reference/payers/enrollment-links) for the index. ## Related topics - [Glossary](/reference/appendix/glossary.md) - [How we keep this current](/reference/appendix/how-we-keep-this-current.md)